Nákkáhallan - filosofiija magisttar Sierge Rasmus

Nákkosgirjji olaha dán liŋkka bokte: https://hdl.handle.net/11250/5322600

Auditoria Sáhkaskáidi lea rabas guldaleddjiide. Bealušteapmi streamejuvvo dás: / The auditorium is open to the public. The defense will be streamed here: https://samas.zoom.us/j/62948441333 

Geahččaladdanlogaldallan dieđihuvvon fáttás "Normerema rolla unnitlogugielaid ealáskahttimis" álgá diibmu 10.00. / The trial lecture starts at 10.00.

Nákkáhallan álgá diibmu 12.00. / The defense starts at 12.00.

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Nákkosgirjji čoahkkáigeassu

Dutkkan nákkosgirjjistan Ohcejoga guovllu davvisámegiela nuppástuvvama. Nákkosgirjái gullet njealje dutkanartihkkala, mat čuvgejit rievdanproseassaid iešguđege perspektiivvas, ja láidehusoassi, mii čatná bohtosiid oktii.

Vuosttas artihkal Ohcejoga nuoraid duála geavaheapmi gieđahallá duála lohkokategoriija geavaheami subjeaktapronomeniiguin, finihttavearbbaiguin ja oamastansojahusas. Dutkamuš čájeha, ahte dálá nuoraid gielas duála geavaheapmi lea šaddan eahpestabiilan oamastansojaheamis, muhto dat sáhttá leat oktavuođas dasa, ahte nuorat eai oppalohkái geavat oamastangehčosiid.

Nubbi artihkal Davvisámegiela máŋggaidlogu illatiivva variašuvdna Ohcejoga guovllus gieđahallá máŋggaidlogu illatiivagehčosa variašuvnna deattohis stávvala maŋis. Dutkan čájeha, ahte 1800-logu loahpas ja 1900-logu álggus riegádan informánttat geavahedje njeallje geažusvariántta. Nu gohčoduvvon ásodatbuolvvas dáhpáhuvvá nuppástus ja bárahisstávvalnomeniid geažus -idda orru šaddamin áidna variántan, muhto 1980-logu ealáskahttindoaimmat stáđásmahttet čállingiela -ide variántta nuorat hálliid gillii.

Goalmmát artihkkalis Suomen kielen verbien morfologinen mukauttaminen pohjoissaameen puhutun kielen aineistossa dutkkan mo suomagiela vearbbat heivehuvvojit morfologalaččat davvisámegillii. Sámegielagat máhttet heivehit suomagiela vearbbaid njuovžilit sámegillii ja dat lea gielalaš kompetánsa, mii ii leat ovdal olusge dutkojuvvon, daningo ”gielaid seaguheamis” lea leamašan negatiiva árvu. 

Nákkosgirjji maŋimuš artihkal Sosiolingvisttalaš duogášfáktoriid korrelašuvdna vearbasojahusa innovatiiva hámiid dohkkeheapmái lea áidna artihkal, man dutkanmateriála ii leat čohkkejuvvon dušše Ohcejogas, iige dat leat njálmmálaš giellamateriála. Artihkal čájeha, ahte skuvlejumis lea stuorra mearkkašupmi man bures giellageavaheaddjit dohkkehit ođđa innovatiiva hámiid. Dasa lassin artihkkal gidde fuomášumi sámeservodaga sohkabealleerohussii skuvlejumi ektui. Láidehusoassi dievasmahttá gova ja fokusere dutkamuša Ohcejohkii.

Nákkosdutkamušas čájehan, ahte davvisámegielas leat dáhpáhuvvan dutkanáigodagas nuppástusat ja dat laktásit servodatlaš nuppástusaide. Sosiála nuppástusat leat dakkárat, ahte dat nannejit sámegiela iešvuođaid, muhto dat sáhttet maiddái heajudit daid. Skuvla lea konkrehta
ovdamearka das, ahte jahkečuođi beallemuttu nuppástusat goaridedje sámegiela dili, muhto 1980-logu rájes skuvlaoahpahus lea nannen sámegiela. 

Fáddásánit: davvisámegiella, sosiolingvistihkka, giellarievdan, Badje-Deanu suopman, kodamolsun, hállangiella, gažadandutkan, máŋggagielatvuohta

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Summary of the thesis/Abstract

In this dissertation I investigate the variation and change of North Saami in the Ohcejohka area. The thesis consists of four research papers, which highlight change processes from different perspectives, as well as a summary chapter to linking the results.

The first paper Ohcejoga nuoraid duála geavaheapmi discusses the use of dual number category for subject pronouns, finite verb forms and in possessive suffixes. Paper supports dual hierarchy that is proposed by Kejonen. Dual number is most stable in personal pronouns, when variation and ungrammatical forms increase in finite verbs and in possessive suffixes less than one third are so called grammatically correct forms. The last one may be related to the comprehensive decrease in the use of possessive suffixes.

The second paper Davvisámegiela máŋggaidlogu illatiivva variašuvdna Ohcejoga guovllus shows that North Saami speakers informants born in the late 1800s and in the beginnings of the 19th century used four variants in illative plural. Through the so-called residential-generation, a shift is taking place and the suffix used in odd-syllable nouns was becoming the only variant. The revitalization processes in 1980s stabilises the use of the ortographic variant and retained the difference of odd- and even-syllable illative plural declension, especially in the language of younger speakers. 

In the third paper Suomen kielen verbien morfologinen mukauttaminen pohjoissaameen puhutun kielen aineistossa I study how Finnish verbs are adapted into North Saami. Research shows that multilingualism contains a language skill that hasn’t been focused on because it has had a negative value.

The most recent article in the dissertation, Sosiolingvisttalaš duogášfáktoriid korrelašuvdna vearbasojahusa innovatiiva hámiid dohkkeheapmái is the only article which research material is not collected solely in Utsjoki, and not the subject of spoken language. The article focuses on the sociological backgrounds of the Sami speakers, confirms findings of the two first papers, that education has great importance in terms of North Saami language. Furthermore, the paper focuses on gender differences in the Saami society with regard to education. In the summary chapter I focus this more on Ohcejohka municipality.

In my dissertation, I state that changes have occurred in the North Saami language during the research period and that they are related to societal changes. Social changes both strengthen the characteristics of the Saami languages and can also disrupt them. School is a concrete example of how half a century of changes weakened the status of the Saami language, but since the 1980s, education has strongly strengthened the language.

Keywords: North Saami, sociolinguistics, language change, language variation, the Upper Deatnu dialect, spoken language, code-switching, survey, multilingualism

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Bagadallit/Supervisors:
Váldobagadalli/Main supervisor: Professor Ante Aikio, Sámi allaskuvla

Mielbagadallit/Supervisors: Professor Jussi Ylikoski, Turku universitehta, ja FD, universitehtalektor emerita Marjatta Jomppanen, Oulu universitehta

Árvvoštallankomitea/Assessment commitee:
Professor Lene Antonsen, UiT – Norgga árktalaš universitehta – komitea jođiheaddji, vuosttašopponeanta

FD, universitehtalektor Torbjörn Söder, Uppsala universitehta, nubbiopponeanta

Professor Trond Trosterud, UiT – Norgga árktalaš universitehta

Nákkáhallanjođiheaddji/Leader of defense:
FD, vuosttašamanueansa Marikaisa Laiti, Sámi allaskuvla